Adufe

The adufe (also known as pandeiro quadrado, pandero cuadrado) is a double-headed square, triangle, or rectangle-shaped frame drum mainly played in Portugal and Spain (similar square-shaped frame drums were also found in Egypt dating back as far as 1400 BC). It can have pellet bells attached to the inside frame. These frame drums are usually hand beaten. There is also a particular Spanish version that is played while sitting while the right hand uses a stick to strike the frame and skin with the left hand playing the skin on the opposite side.

The top photo is an adufe with pellet bells inside from Spain. Pictured in the middle and bottom are various adufe made by Paulo Meirinhos from Portugal. He makes these instruments in many shapes including square, hexagon, octagon, triangle, diamond, and circle. He has also modernized the tuning design for his drums by including a pneumatic tuning system.